Nanotechnology-based Materials for Sustainable Pest and Disease Control in Agriculture

Nanotechnology is emerging as a transformative tool in agriculture, offering innovative approaches for sustainable pest and disease management. The incorporation of nanomaterials into agricultural practices has the potential to address the limitations of conventional pesticides and fertilizers, providing targeted, efficient, and eco-friendly alternatives. This review examines the current advancements in nanotechnology-based materials for sustainable pest and disease control, focusing on their mechanisms of action, environmental benefits, and challenges. Nanomaterials such as nanoscale pesticides, nano-formulated fertilizers, and smart delivery systems can significantly enhance the precision of agrochemical application, reducing chemical runoff and minimizing harm to non-target organisms. These materials offer controlled release properties, ensuring prolonged effectiveness and reducing the frequency of applications. Additionally, the use of nanoparticles can disrupt pest resistance mechanisms, providing a novel approach to resistance management, the promising benefits, the adoption of nanotechnology in agriculture is not without challenges. Key concerns include the potential environmental and health risks associated with the long-term use of nanomaterials, the cost of production, and the need for clear regulatory frameworks, biodegradable and environmentally friendly nanoparticles are being developed to mitigate some of these risks.