Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Relationship between Abnormal Cervical Findings and Abnormal Results at Hysterosalpingography in Infertile Women

Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 24, Issue 12, Page 1-11
DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2022/v24i12591

Abstract


Background: Hysterosalpingography is an investigative modality used in the evaluation of the uterine cavity, fallopian tubes, and adjacent peritoneal cavity following the injection of contrast material through the cervical canal.

Objective: To determine the relationship between abnormal cervical findings and abnormal results at hysterosalpingography in infertile women.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Radiology Departments of four health institutions in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, between June and December, 2022. Hysterosalpingography was done for 332 infertile women, after obtaining written informed consent. Data were entered into a pre-designed proforma, and analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 25.0. Results were presented in frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables.

Results: Cervical finding was normal in only 49.7% (n=165) of the participants undergoing HSG. The abnormal cervical findings include deformed (27.7%), hyperaemic (5.7%), dull (5.7%), hard (5.7%) and short (5.4%) cervix. There was a statistically significant relationship between abnormal cervical findings during HSG and tubal blockade (ꭓ2 = 196.7; p – 0.001), presence of salpingitis (ꭓ2 = 41.1; p – 0.001), peritubal adhesion (ꭓ2 = 19.9; p – 0.001) and intrauterine adhesion (ꭓ2 = 35.62; p – 0.001).

Conclusion: Intrauterine adhesion, salpingitis, tubal blockade and peritubal adhesion on HSG are associated with some abnormal cervical findings in about half of infertile women in this study. The same pathological processes responsible for injury to the upper genital tract and tubal infertility may have caused injury to the cervix in the group of women.

Keywords:
  • Hysterosalpingography findings
  • infertile women
  • abnormal cervix
  • hyperaemic cervix
  • hard cervix
  • deformed cervix

How to Cite

Kiridi, E. K., Oriji, P. C., Makinde , O. I., Chibundu , O., Ugwoegbu, J. U., Bosrotsi, P. Y., Amadi, S. C., Addah, A. O., & Adesina, A. D. (2022). Relationship between Abnormal Cervical Findings and Abnormal Results at Hysterosalpingography in Infertile Women. Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 24(12), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2022/v24i12591

References

Atalabi OM, Fayemiwo SA, Oladokun AA, Bakare RA. Pattern of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections in women undergoing hysterosalpingography for infertility evaluation in Ibadan Nigeria. Trop J Obstet Gynaecol. 2013;30(2):91-98. DOI:10.4314/tjog.v30i2

Oriji PC, Kiridi EK, Ubom AE, Okoye CN, Oriji VK, Awotundun B. Pattern of infertility among infertile couples in a tertiary health institution in Bayelsa State, South-South Nigeria. Int J Sci Rep. 2022;8(6):136-141.

Kiridi EK, Oriji PC, Abasi IJ, Ubom AE, Ugwoegbu JU. Predictors or abnormal findings in infertile women undergoing hysterosalgography in Bayelsa State, South-South Nigeria. Int J Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2022;6(2):22-30.

Onyangunga DC, Moodley J. Hysterosalpingographic evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected infertile women. SA J Radiol. 2020;24(1):1767. DOI:10.4102/sajr.v24i1.1767

Bello TO. Tubal abnormalities on hysterosalpingography in primary and secondary infertility. West Afr J Med. 2006;25(2):130-133. DOI:10.4314/wajm.v25i2.28263

Ukweh O, Okeke C, Oku A. Influence of induced abortion on tubal findings in hysterosalpingography among women with infertility in Calabar, Nigeria. West Afr J Radiol. 2019;26(2):127-130. DOI:10.4103/wajr.wajr_37_18

Torres-Sánchez L, López-Carrillo L, Espinoza H, Langer A. Is induced abortion a contributing factor to tubal infertility in Mexico? Evidence from a case-control study. BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;111(11):1254-1260.

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00405.x

Farhi J, Oron G, Orbach S, Levran D, Barkat J, Tzelnick S, et al. A previous caesarean section is not a risk factor for tubal abnormalities in the infertile population. J Obstet Gynaecol J Inst Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;38(4):466-469.

DOI:10.1080/01443615.2017.1371680

Araoye MO. Subjects Selection. In: Research Methodology with Statistics for Health and Social Sciences. Nathadex publishers. 2003;115-129.

Kiridi EK, Oriji PC, Ugwoegbu JU, Abasi IJ. Hysterosalpingography findings among women presenting for infertility evaluation in Bayelsa State, South-South Nigeria. J Adv Med Med Res. 2022;34(5): 7-17.

DOI:10.9734/jammr/2022/v34i531292

Karshima JA, Ekedigwe JE, Sagay AS. Cervical abnormalities seen at hysterosalpingogram of infertile women in Jos, North Central Nigeria. J Med Trop. 2013;15(2):117-120.

DOI:10.4103/2276-7096.123588

Umeora OUJ, Mbazor JO, Okpere EE. Tubal factor infertility in Benin City, Nigeria - sociodemographics of patients and aetiopathogenic factors. Trop Doct. 2007; 37(2):92-94. DOI:10.1177/004947550703700211

  • 4 times
    PDF Download: 4 times

Download Statistics

Make a Submission

Information

Current Issue